Legal Insights
Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.
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How to Register a Corporation in the Philippines: A Step-by-Step Guide
Learn how to register a corporation in the Philippines under the Revised Corporation Code, from name reservation to SEC issuance of the certificate of incorporation.
Corporation vs Partnership in the Philippines: Which Business Structure Is Right for You?
Compare corporation vs partnership in the Philippines: liability, taxes, management, and formation under the Revised Corporation Code and Civil Code.
Corporate Bylaws in the Philippines: What They Are and When You Must Adopt Them
Learn what corporate bylaws are in the Philippines, when they must be adopted, and the rules under the Revised Corporation Code.
Minimum Capital Requirement for Corporations in the Philippines: What the Law Says
No minimum capital stock is required for most Philippine stock corporations under the Revised Corporation Code. Learn the rules and exceptions.
Corporate Housekeeping in the Philippines: A Compliance Checklist
A practical guide to corporate housekeeping in the Philippines under the Revised Corporation Code, covering filings, meetings, and records.
Doing Business in the Philippines: License Requirements for Foreign Corporations
Learn the license requirements for a foreign corporation doing business in the Philippines under the Revised Corporation Code, including the application process and key compliance steps.
How to Amend the Articles of Incorporation in the Philippines
Learn how to amend articles of incorporation in the Philippines under the Revised Corporation Code, including voting requirements and SEC filing steps.
Capital Reduction Rules in the Philippines: What Shareholders Should Know After Metroplex v. Sinophil
The Supreme Court clarifies the requirements for reducing corporate capital stock under Section 38 of the Corporation Code, and limits SEC review.
Conspiracy and Probable Cause in Corporate Criminal Cases: The Ient v. Tullett Prebon Ruling
Supreme Court clarifies when conspiracy and probable cause establish criminal liability for corporate officers under the Corporation Code.
Stockholder Inspection Rights: No Minimum Shareholding Required
Supreme Court clarifies that even a.001% stockholder can inspect corporate books under Section 74 of the Corporation Code, and corporations bear the burden of proving improper purpose.
Right to Inspect Corporate Books: Protecting Minority Stockholders' Interests in Philippine Corporations
A stockholder's right to inspect corporate books under the Corporation Code, explained through the Supreme Court's ruling in Terelay Investment v. Yulo.
Corporate Transparency: Enforcing Stockholder Rights to Inspect Corporate Records
Supreme Court clarifies when refusal to allow inspection of corporate records and stock and transfer books is punishable under the Corporation Code.
When Church Approval Is Key: Validity of Property Sales by Religious Corporations
Supreme Court rules on when a religious corporation's property sale is unenforceable without required church approvals, citing the Corporation Code.
Shareholder Rights Demanding Corporate Transparency Through Inspection Rights
Explaining the Supreme Court ruling on stockholder inspection rights under Section 74 of the Corporation Code and the limits of judicial review of prosecutorial findings.
Second Chance Appeals: COMELEC's Duty to Allow Correction of Election Fee Payments
A Supreme Court ruling clarifies when corporate officers may be held personally liable for a corporation's unpaid obligations under the Corporation Code.
Corporate Officer Liability for Bad Faith Under Section 31 of the Corporation Code
When can corporate officers be personally liable for corporate obligations? The Supreme Court explains bad faith and gross negligence under Section 31.
Foreclosure Amidst Corporate Liquidation Secured Creditor Rights Prevail
Philippine Supreme Court ruling on secured creditor foreclosure rights during corporate liquidation proceedings under RA 8799 and the Corporation Code.
When Can Foreign Corporations Sue in the Philippines? A Guide
Learn when unlicensed foreign corporations can sue in Philippine courts under the Corporation Code and Foreign Investments Act.
Director Ousted Understanding Valid Removal OF Corporate Directors IN THE Philippines
The Supreme Court explains the valid removal of corporate directors and officers under the Corporation Code, and the required vote.
Sandiganbayan Jurisdiction Over GOCC Subsidiaries: The Alas Doctrine
Explaining People v. Alas: why officers of government-owned corporations incorporated under the Corporation Code fall under Sandiganbayan jurisdiction.
Voting Rights and Corporate Governance: Reaffirming Stockholder Rights in Philippine Corporations
Supreme Court ruling on Class B shareholders' voting rights under the Corporation Code, clarifying limits on share classification.
SEC Jurisdiction Over Government-Owned Corporations: The PNCC Case
The Supreme Court clarifies SEC jurisdiction over GOCCs organized under the Corporation Code, using the PNCC dispute as a landmark example.
Officer Compensation vs Director Compensation: A Philippine Corporate Law Guide
Philippine Supreme Court clarifies the distinction between officer and director compensation under the Corporation Code.