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Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.
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PNP Accountability When Law Enforcers Commit Murder in the Philippines
Supreme Court affirms murder conviction of four PNP members, holding police accountable for extrajudicial killing and escape from custody.
Solidary Liability in Promissory Notes: Inciong v. Philippine Bank of Communications
A co-maker who signs a promissory note cannot escape solidary liability by claiming fraud without clear evidence, as explained in this Philippine case.
Jun 26, 1996solidary liabilitypromissory notejoint and several obligationparol evidence rulecivil codecontract law
Understanding Solidary Liability in Philippine Promissory Notes: Inciong Jr. v. Court of Appeals
A Supreme Court ruling explains what signing a promissory note "jointly and severally" means, and why co-makers cannot escape liability.