Legal Insights
Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.
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Product Liability in the Philippines: Who Is Responsible for Defective Goods
Product liability in the Philippines holds manufacturers, distributors, and sellers accountable for defective goods under the Consumer Act and the Civil Code.
Criminal Liability in Business in the Philippines: When Estafa and Fraud Apply
Criminal liability in business in the Philippines can arise from estafa and other felonies. Learn how deceit, fault, and conspiracy create liability under the Revised Penal Code.
Illegal Recruitment Liability of Officers and Principals in the Philippines
Who is criminally and civilly liable for illegal recruitment in the Philippines? Learn how RA 10022 holds agency officers, principals and agents accountable.
Executive Separation Agreements in the Philippines: Structuring a Clean Exit
An executive separation agreement in the Philippines defines the terms of a corporate officer's exit, covering separation pay, quitclaims, and release from liability.
SaaS Agreements in the Philippines: Key Clauses for Buyers and Vendors
Understand SaaS agreement Philippines rules: how the Electronic Commerce Act validates cloud contracts, e-signatures, and service provider liability.
Online Consumer Protection in the Philippines: Rules Under the Internet Transactions Act
Online consumer protection in the Philippines is governed by the Internet Transactions Act of 2023 and the Consumer Act, covering refunds, liability, and complaints.
AI Liability in the Philippines: Who Is Liable When AI Causes Harm?
AI liability in the Philippines follows existing Civil Code and Consumer Act rules: fault, negligence, or contract breach must be traced to a person, not the AI.
Branch Office vs Subsidiary in the Philippines: Which Should You Register?
Compare a branch office vs subsidiary in the Philippines: how each is registered, liability, capital, taxes, and which fits your expansion plan.
Selling Online in the Philippines as a Foreign Seller: Requirements Under the Internet Transactions Act
Selling online in the Philippines as a foreign seller? Learn the registration, disclosure, and liability requirements under the Internet Transactions Act of 2023.
Online Marketplace Platform Liability in the Philippines: The Internet Transactions Act
How online marketplace platform liability works in the Philippines under the Internet Transactions Act of 2023 — primary, subsidiary, and solidary liability rules.
Independent Contractor Classification Philippines: Risks for Employers
Misclassifying a worker as an independent contractor in the Philippines exposes employers to labor claims, back benefits, and liability. Learn the risks.
Bouncing Checks in the Philippines: Criminal Liability Under B.P. 22
Learn what B.P. 22 says about bouncing checks in the Philippines, the penalties for issuing worthless checks, and how complainants can file a criminal case.
Cybercrime Liability in the Philippines: Offenses, Penalties, and Defenses
Cybercrime liability in the Philippines covers illegal access, fraud, identity theft, and online libel under RA 10175, with penalties and corporate fines.
Charterparty and Bill of Lading in the Philippines: How Shipping Contracts Work
Understand how charterparties and bills of lading work under Philippine shipping law, including MARINA rules on domestic carriers and cargo liability.
Corporation vs Partnership in the Philippines: Which Business Structure Is Right for You?
Compare corporation vs partnership in the Philippines: liability, taxes, management, and formation under the Revised Corporation Code and Civil Code.
Data Privacy Act Penalties in the Philippines: Fines and Criminal Liability
Understand the Data Privacy Act penalties in the Philippines, including fines and imprisonment for unauthorized processing, breaches, and disclosure.
Finality of Judgments: COA Cannot Reverse Absolved Parties' Liability
The Supreme Court rules that the COA cannot reverse a final decision absolving employee-recipients from refunding disallowed benefits, reinforcing finality principles.
Unwarranted Benefits Local Officials Liability FOR Illegal Insurance Agreements IN Pagsanjan
Supreme Court clarifies liability under Section 3(e) for mayors and councilors in illegal insurance contracts without public bidding.
Graft and Malversation: When Private Funds Become Public Funds Under Philippine Law
The Supreme Court clarifies when private funds become public funds and defines liability for graft and malversation in Arcelo v. People.
When a Surety Can Escape Liability: Overcoming the Presumption of Regularity
Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when sureties can overcome the presumption of regularity attached to notarized continuing suretyship agreements.
When a Corporate Officer Escapes Civil Liability for a Bounced Check Under BP 22
The Supreme Court clarifies that an acquitted corporate officer cannot be held personally liable for a dishonored corporate check under BP 22.
Vicarious Liability of Schools: When Teachers Answer for Student Negligence
Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when school principals and teachers are vicariously liable for student acts causing injury to third persons.
Death of the Accused and Criminal Liability: The Rodriguez v. Elorde Ruling
When an accused dies before final judgment, criminal liability is extinguished. But civil liability may survive—here's how.
Good Faith Defense: When Public Officials Can Avoid Liability for Disallowed Fund Transfers
The Supreme Court clarifies when good faith shields public officials from personal liability in COA disallowances involving PDAF fund transfers.